Oppression On The International And National Level

The history books hold many accounts of oppression on the international and national level. These accounts indicate that the need for labor frequently promoted a practice of distinctive dominance of the least favorite group. To identify the weapon that caused the unnecessary sorrow in the colonial United States of America is to examine the floor plan of this institution called slavery. The project involves discovering how the African’s ideologies survived under European values in the United States of America. The study will display the coercive practices of the Europeans tenets that ensured the involuntary collaboration of the slave. By studying the work of Delridge, L Hunter The death of the Negro. Vol. I, 2, and 3 uncovers a form of inferior status and unequal action. Vautor-Laplaceliere5 Introduction We schlepped around the seed of a unique plant capable of sprouting beneath the harshest of settings. That seed is the strength required for survival and is ever present in the art, music, and literature of the people. The history books harbor countless accounts of oppression on the international and national level. The accounts indicate that the demand for labor frequently promoted a practice of distinct dominance above the least favorite group. This practice Orlando Patterson a born Jamaican American historian and cultural sociologist presents as the taking away of personal liberty. The United States of America limited the African slave lives by firstShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding International Relations Through Level of Analysis835 Words   |  4 PagesLevel of analysis discloses three different ways of understanding international relations. The System-level analysis considers top-down approach to study world politics (Rourke, 2007, p. 91). It emphasises that international actors, countries, operate in a global social-political-economic-geographic environment and the explicit characteristics of the system outlines the mode of interaction among the actors. The State-level analysis stresses the national states and their domestic practices suchRead MoreGender Inequality For Women And Womens Development1121 Words   |  5 Pagesargue that the post-conflict moment itself is not sufficient for tackling the roots of gender inequalities that prevent women from experiencing full empowerment and inter-sphere equality. First, there is a need to understand why women face increased levels of violence in the post-conflict period, as this pattern goes beyond Rwanda (Moran, 2010:266). In explaining why there is a spike in violence against women in the post-conflict period, Manjoo McRaith and Chinkin reference â€Å"the availability of smallRead MoreOrganized Crime and Youth Gangs824 Words   |  3 Pagesorganized crime group in the U.S. and over the decades has severed controlling ties with Sicily. The American La Cosa Nostra is involved primarily in drug trafficking, money laundering, and various other racketeering crimes, and operates on an international level across North and South America. The Italian Mafia was formed and molded into its current form over the past 3,000 years in response to recurrent invasions by marauding armies (FBI, n.d.b). The formation of these tight knit extended familyRead More`` Jihad Vs. Mcworld ``1504 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing torn apart though the forces of McWorld and Jihad. McWorld is characterized by the capitalist consumerism that destroys spirits through international corporations, and Jihad; the ethnic fragmented traditional locals that are trying to preserve their society from the expanding commercial global economy. Barber claims that McWorld is breaking international boundaries through globalizing markets, while Jihad is being forced to separate themselves and create internal borders within nations. He extensivelyRead MoreDeveloping Country And The Development Of A Country923 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience in 1989 while attending an international event called the 13th World Festival of Youth and Students hosted by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) to observe this reality. I was part of the US delegation of 100 American youth who were permitted to attend the conference by the US State Department. 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This ensures effective and active civic participation within the nation, which Australia, as a democratic country, needs. However, marginalised groups within Australian society face barriers to their civic engagement, attributable to a number of hindering factors often out of their control. This essay aims to examine Ian Macfarlane’s speech â€Å"I’ve changed my mind, we picked the wrong date†, and its relation to the national issueRead MoreThe Young Man Of A Slave, Jarvius Cotton1230 Words   |  5 Pagesrather unequal opportunity in employment, access to public facilities, housing, voting rights, and freedom from racial discrimination, which would become future impediments. It was as if they were in a constant mode towards the subjection and oppression of a cylinder filled with the degradation of invasive structures deliberately aimed at and employed to maintain the status quo of setting them up to fail rather than succeed. Furthermore, to paint an even bleaker picture for the baselineRead MoreSex Trafficked Victims And Their Perpetrators927 Words   |  4 Pagesassess sex trafficked children by helping the therapist to understand the conflict that exists between sex trafficked victims and their perpetrators, the sex traffickers. This theory draws the therapist’s attention to the conflict dominance and oppression that sex trafficked victims has endured. Traffickers are the economically powerful and dominant group in our society and victims are the economic minority (Dunn, 2007, p. 42-43). Victims also strip of their identifications, passports and moneyRead MoreHuman Rights Violations to Afghan Women1492 Words   |  6 Pagesvaluable, the young girls within the community must be educated. This requires reforming the public education system. The Afghan schools are plagued with high abysmal dropout rates, widespread closings of schools in areas of conflict and ultimately low level of education for those who do manage to find a school. According to statistics compiled by UNICEF, 24% of Afghanistan’s teachers are qualified to teach under Afghan law. A majority of rural communities contain public schools with teachers who have

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Physical Chemistry Free Essays

Physical Chemistry II. Final Exam Your Name: Your Student Number: 110 Normal Points + 10 Bonus Points If you get 110 points out of 120 points, you will get the full 40% assigned to the midterm exam. Your scores 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Total: out of 25 out of 20 out of 20 out of 15 out of 20 out of 20 out of 120 * All the problems are connected. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Chemistry or any similar topic only for you Order Now In other words, to solve the problem, you may need the information and/or answers given in other problems. All necessary information is basically given. Also please consult the supplementary material handed out to you. ) (25 pts) a) (6 pts) The translational energy states in a cubic container are given by the following equation. Derive the following equation for the molecular translational partition function. You will need the following integral relation. ? ? 0 e n 2 ? ? ? dn ? ? ? 4? ? ? ? ? 1/ 2 Answers) ( ) ? ? ( ) ( ) ? ? ? ( ) (? ) ( ) ( v ( ( ) ) ) ( a^3 =V ) ( ) b) (3 pts) If the vibrational energy levels are given as follows, (b-1) where is the zero of vibrational energy? (b-2) What approximation has been made regarding the vibrational motion? Answers) (b-1) The zero of vibrational energy is at the bottom of the internuclear potential well. 2 pts) (b-2) The vibrational motion is approximated as an harmonic oscillator. (1 pt) c) (6 pts) Derive the following equation for the molecular vibrational partition function. You will need the relation applicable when x is less than 1. ?xn ? ?0 ? ? 1 1? x Answers) ( ) ? ( ) ( ) ? ( ) ? ( ) ( ) d) (2 pts) If the molecular electronic partition function can be approximated as follows, where is the zero of electronic energy? Answers) The zero of the electronic energy is taken to be the separated atoms at rest in their electronic states (2 pts). ) (3 pts) If the molecular rotational partition function is given by the following equation, what assumptions have been made? Answers) 1) The molecule is approximated to be a rigid-rotor. (1 pt) 2) The temperature is much higher than the rotational temperature. (2 pts) f) (5 pts, no partial points) Based on the answers and information given above, write down the equation for the molecular partition function of a diatomic molecule. Answers) ( No partial points. ) ( ) 2) (20 pts) a) (3 pts, no partial points) For a diatomic ideal gas, write down the relationship between the partition function (Q) and the molecular artition function (q). Answers) 3pts. No partial points. ( ) ( ) b) (7 pts) Derive the following equation. Answer) ? ( ) ( )( ) ? ( ( ) ( ) ) ( ) ( ( ) ) ? ( ) ( ) ( ) ? ( ( ) ) ) ( ? ( ) ( ) ( ) (3 pts) (4 pts) )( ( ) ( ) (7 pts) ) ( ( ( ) ) ( ) ) ( c) (5 pts) A is given as follows. Express S in terms of Q. Answers) Path1 (1 pt) (2 pts) ( ( ) ( 5 pts) ) Path2 ( ) ? ( ) ? ? ? (2 pts) ? ? ? (3 pts) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (4 pts) ( ) ? ? ( ) ( ) ? ? ( ) ( ) (5 pts) d) (5 pts) Express S in terms of q. Use Stirling’s approximation (ln N! = N ln N – N). Answers) ( ) ( ( ) ) (2 pts) ( ) [ ( ) ] ( ) (5 pts) ) (20 pts) a) (10 pts) Calculate the standard molar entropy of Br2(g) at 298. 15 K. (10 pts if the value and unit is correct. 3 pts deduction if the value is wrong but within 20 percent of the correct answer. 3 pts deduction whenever the unit is not written or incorrect. 7 pts deduction if the value is wrong and outside 20 percent of the correct answer. ) Answers) For ( ) ( ) (3 pts) Then, ( ( ) ) ( ) ( ( ( ( ) ) ( ) ) ) 10 pts if the value and unit is correct. 3 pts deduction if the value is wrong but within 20 percent of the correct answer. 3 pts deduction whenever the unit is not written or incorrect. pts deduction if the value is wrong and outside 20 percent of the correct answer. b) (10 pts) Calculate the standard molar entropy of Br2(l) at 298. 15 K. The normal boiling point of Br2(l) is 332. 0 K, the molar enthalpy of vaporization at 332. 0 K is 29. 54 kJmol-1, the molar heat capacity of Br2(l) is 75. 69 JK-1mol-1 and the molar heat capacity of Br2(g) is 36. 02 JK-1mol-1. (10 pts if the value and unit is correct. 3 pts deduction if the value is wrong but within 20 percent of the correct answer. 3 pts deduction whenever the unit is not written or incorrect. pts deduction if the value is wrong and outside 20 percent of the correct answer. ) ( ) () Answers) Standard molar entropy ? 3 pts) And () ( ) (? ( ) -Liquid to boiling point ( -At boiling point ) ( ) ( -Gas ( ) ( ) ) () ( ) ( ) 10 pts if the value and unit is correct. 3 pts deduction if the value is wrong but within 20 percent of the correct answer. 3 pts deduction whenever the unit is not written or incorrect. 7 pts deduction if the value is wrong and outside 20 percent of the correct answer. 4) (15 pts) a) (5 pts. No partial points) Derive the partial derivative of S with respect to T at constant P in terms of Cp and T. ) ( ) ( ) From ( ) ( ) ( ) From (1) and (2), And ( ) ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ] ——-(2) ( ) ( ) ——-(1) Answers) Total derivative of ( ) (5 pts. No partial points) b) (2 pts. No partial points) What is the natural variables of U? Answers) S and V c) (2 pts. No partial points) Express dU in terms of dS, dV, T, P. (Answers: dU = TdS – PdV) Answers) d) (6 pts, No partial points) Consider V and T to be the independent variables of U. Derive the expression of dU in terms of dV, dT, P, T, V, CV. Answers) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + ( ) ( ) , V and T are independent to U. ) 5) (20 pts) a) (5 pts) Derive the following equation. Answers) ( ) ? ? ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ( ) (1 pt) ( ) (2 pts) (3 pts) ) (5 pts) b) (5 pts) Derive the following equation. Answers) ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ( ( ) ) ) (1 pt) ( ) ( ( ( ) ( ) ) ( ) ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ) (3 pts) (5 pts) c) (5 pts) Derive the following equation. Answers) ( ) ( ) ( ( ) (1 pt) ) ( [( ) ] ( [( ) ] ) ) [( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [( ) [( ) ( ) ] (3 pts) [( ) ] ] (5 pts) ] d) (5 pts) Derive the following equation and express q0 of c) as a function of T, V, etc. for the case of a diatomic molecule. Answer) ( ? ) ? ? ( )? ? ( ) ? [ ? ( )? ] ( ] ( ) [( (2 pt) ( ) ) ] [( ) ] ? ( ) [( ( ) ) ( ) [( ) ] (5 pts) 6) (20 pts) Consider the following reaction. a) (5 pts) What is ? rH of this reaction at 298. 15 K? Write down a numerical value with a unit. Use the given JANAF table. Answers) ? fH(H2) = 0 and ? fH(N2) = 0 ? rH = ? fH(NH3) –[ 1. 5* ? fH(H2)+0. 5* ? fH(N2) ] (2 pts) =-46. 898kJ/mol (5 pts, no partial points for wrong value. 2 pts deduction for wrong unit) b) (5 pts) What is q0/V for NH3 at 298. 15 K? Use the given JANAF table. Answers) ( ) (1 pt) ) ( ) ( ( ( ) ) ( ) )( =4. 960*1033 m-3 (5 pts) 5 pts, no partial points for wrong value. pts deduction for wrong unit c) (5 pts. No partial points) Suppose that this reaction occurs at 500 K and a total pressure of one bar and we start with three moles of H2(g), one mole of N2(g) and no NH3(g). Express G(? ) in terms of only ? and numerical values. Use the given JANAF table. Answers) ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ) ( ( ) )[ ( ( ) ( ( ) ( ( ) ) ) ) ) ( ( ) ) ] ( ( ) ) ] ( ) ( ) ( ) [( ( ) d) (5 pts. No partial points) Calculate the ? value at equilibrium and KP . Use the given JANAF table. Answers) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ( ) ) ( ( ) ) ( ( ) (3 pts) ) ( ) ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) (2 pts) How to cite Physical Chemistry, Papers

Addiction Does Not Discriminate free essay sample

Addiction does not begin with a conscious decision to become an â€Å"addict. † Because of the availability of painkillers, central nervous system depressants, and alcohol, every socio-economical group is at risk. For many it is a slow progression from needing to wanting the drug of choice. Fortunately, there are treatment plans and therapy for those who suffer from this life changing disease. The stereotypical view of a drug addict is the poor, dirty, economically challenged, bug-eyed, and most likely of non-white ethnicity. However, Jeff Bishop reports from an interview with Pamela Shepard, coordinator of the Coweta County Adult Drug Court, Andrews 2 that the addicts they deal with are anything but stereotypical. Shepard states that the people they deal with are not like those in the movies, they are moms, dads, college, students, nurses, teachers and every other profession. Then there are those who never stood a chance from the time they were born. We will write a custom essay sample on Addiction Does Not Discriminate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Shepard also says that drug and alcohol addiction and other addictions are pervasive, not just in certain parts of a town or among certain groups of people. Bishop) There are several prescription medications that are addictive, however, some of the more commonly addictive and abused are painkillers, CNS Depressants, and Alcohol. The National Institutes of Health estimates that in the United States close to 20 % of people over the age of 12 have used these prescription drugs or alcohol for non-medical purposes. (Prescription Drug Abuse). Prescription pain killers are one of the most commonly abused medicines (Drug Addiction-Prescription). Many patients are prescribed these medicines for moderate to severe pain. If taken exactly as prescribed, pain medicine can manage quite effectively. However, chronic use or abuse of opioids can result in physical dependence and addiction (Drug Addiction-Prescription). Pain killers tend to be over prescribed by many doctors and the option of online pharmacies only adds to the problem. (Prescription Painkillers May Be Over Prescribed) According to researchers from the University of North Carolina, physicians who treat neck pain rely on medications far too often to the point of excluding other treatment options, which may be more effective and carry less risk of addiction. Prescription Painkillers May Be Over Prescribed) Andrews 3 Another highly abused medicine is CNS Depressants such as, Xanax and Valium (Drug Addiction-Prescription). These medications are typically prescribed to treat anxiety and sleep disorders (Prescription Drug Abuse). Depressants, for many, are a â€Å"way out† of reality which allows them to alter the ability to feel emotional pain or discomfort. Sometimes the â€Å"way out† feeling leads to addiction. Research continues to show that alcohol is the most abused substance. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health released that 22% of the American population binge drink and that over 16 million people are heavy drinkers (Catton). Two reasons to support this fact are availability and being legal to buy. Alcohol is woven into many activities in life, and it becomes difficult to recognize when drinking has crossed the line into addiction. Alcoholics have a difficult time setting limits on the amount consumed (Smith, Robinson amp; Segal). Many people experiment with drugs and alcohol with only a small percentage becoming addicted. Why do some succumb and others do not? The Genetics Science Learning Center states that it is becoming increasingly clear that genetic factors play an important role in the addiction process (Genetics Science Learning Center). There is not one gene that determines addiction; it is influenced by multiple genes as well as environmental risks. These genes and environmental factors can either add up or cancel each other out. A person’s genetic makeup does not necessarily doom them to become an addict. (Genetics Science Learning Center) Andrews 4 Environment is also a major factor in addiction (Genetics Science Learning Center). Just because a genetic map says someone is prone to addiction does not mean that it will happen, it just means that those people need to be more careful than others. Treatment plans have been in place almost as long as addiction has been a problem. There are several different treatment centers that provide multiple care plans. Through the years treatment plans have drastically changed, most defiantly for the better. History has shown that past treatments for addiction has been imprisonment, sentencing to asylums, and church-guided prayer. Of course, those methods were generally ineffective. Genetics Science Learning Center) Current methods are more based on the understanding that addiction is a disease that has many more factors than just a need to â€Å"get high†. Modern treatments involve a combination of drug and behavioral therapy, resulting in a much higher success rate. (Genetics Science Learning Center) Society tends to judge drug addiction sufferers as morally weak or may see them as if they have criminal intent. Many people do not understand that while symptoms of addiction are treatable, the disease itself is incurable. Luxury drug rehab) Many addiction sufferers will die from their disease, but those who seek help from a treatment center can treat their condition and live a wholesome life (Luxury drug rehab). Andrews 5 Truth is people who are addicted come in all shapes and sizes. It is not just the crack addict in the alley in a bad part of town. They are also the successful business men who wear business suits and successfully function in the corporate world. Addiction sufferers can also be the people who dispense and prescribe narcotics, or the stay at home parents that drive the kids to school and to ball practice every day. They could also be the elderly neighbor or maybe even a teacher (Winkel). Because there are many beliefs and stereotypes about drug addiction that are simply not true, those who suffer from addiction find it difficult to ask for help or even admit they have a problem. Addiction stereotyping is a hard habit to break but doctors and therapists try to treat addiction as the disease it is. One of the first steps in breaking the stereotype is to stop using the words habit, fix, and abuser that reinforce the stigma with negative connotations (Salsitz). Everyone is worthy of treatment and help. If people were more aware of the problems of drug addiction and how easily it could happen to anyone, he or she may be more likely to see an addicted person as someone who is worthy of help and respect. The more harshly people judge those who suffer from addiction and continue to make them feel as if they do not deserve treatment the less likely they will be to get help or even trust someone enough to confide in them about their problems. It is never a good idea to generalize people and their behavior. Many who are addicted to substances can move past their addictions and go on to lead productive lives.